Indus Valley civilization

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Indus-Valley Civilization      (Aka. Indus-Saraswati Civilization)   

This all started in 1875. Alexander Cunningham, The first director-general of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), interpreted a Harappan stamp seal in 1875.

Lets look back in time.Approx 2000 BE(Before Christ) there was an ancient civilization near the indus river in south Asia.

This all relates to 5500 BCE .when the oldest this Archaeologist finds. it was a religious idol formation from Civilization, some farming tool which was 4000 BCE old.

     

 The Goddess found in valley

      Tools were constructed from bronze, copper, and iron

Around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established.

And it is said that after the 1800 BCE Archaeologists didn't find anything to say.

The Indus civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilisation, after its type site, Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then in India and now in Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterward Mohenjo-Daro was the culmination of work beginning in 1861 with the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India during the British raj. There were however earlier and later cultures often called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area; for this reason, the Harappan civilization is sometimes called the Mature Harappan to distinguish it from these other cultures. By 2002, over 1,000 Mature Harappan cities and settlements had been reported, of which just under a hundred had been excavated, However, there are only five major urban sites: Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Dholavira, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan, and Rakhigarhi. The early Harappan cultures were preceded by local Neolithic agricultural villages, from which the river plains were populated 

The most important [ancient Indus] crafts were in the fields of textiles, ceramic manufacturing, stone carving, household artifacts such as razors, bowls, cups, vases, and spindles, and the production of jewelry, statuettes, figurines, and children's toys, some of which were mechanical in function. This last category of goods is perhaps the most reliable evidence of the sophistication of this society" writes Burjor Avari

Earthen pots are found in the survey

 

           

                           

                    Toys found in survey 

 The stamp found on that site. it is said that this used for trading 

This balance was also used there

 

     

They found some jewelry from there also.

                          

For further details visit these links

Wikipedia -  Click Here

Harappa -  Click Here